Tag: blog damp thermal imaging

Rainy season brings pleasant weather, but it can also bring a series of problems if your property (home, office, etc) is not ready to handle the negative effects of this weather.

Although the monsoon season is one of the best seasons of the year, it also brings plethora of small and big problems for your property & health. From mold and fungus to roof leaks and damp walls, this season is all about trying to keep the inside and outside of our home in a decent & dry condition. As prolonged exposure to water can result in dampness, peeling paint and unhealthy living conditions, it is recommended to make sure that your house is well-equipped to deal with the rainy season.

Significance of Monsoon Home Care

With the onset of monsoon, there is an unusual odour in the home, garden and wardrobes, which can be a complete turn-off. Different types of insects and pests surface, making life difficult.

The monsoon season can be intimidating as it brings along unpleasant odors, mosquitoes, flies, pests, moss, molds, and fungus into our homes. It also exposes us to air-borne and water-borne diseases, posing significant health risks. Suddenly, our positive atmosphere diminishes, and worries take over, leaving us with limited options. Hence, it is crucial to be cautious during the monsoon and prioritize the well-being of our home to effectively tackle the challenges brought by the rain. Ultimately, a healthy home is essential for fostering a happy environment for its inhabitants.

During the monsoon season, home care becomes crucial for several reasons

Understanding the significance of monsoon home care and implementing the appropriate measures ensures the protection and well-being of your home and its occupants throughout the rainy season.

Essential Checklist for your Home in this Monsoon

Rains bring in so much relief from the summer heat, but, with it also comes, humidity, seepage and other problems. As monsoon has arrived, we are ready with our checklist for your property. You would be happy to note that this checklist can be used to reduce/ prevent the Pre & Post Monsoon effects. Use the checklist below to make sure that you won’t have to worry about the problems when the rain hits your home / office.

Following is the checklist for your property care:

1. External walls to be checked for any cracks: Check the external walls for crack. Due to this, rainwater and moisture will enter wall surface thereby affecting adjacent / in-house wall surface and will weaken the integrity of associated elements.

2. Check the gaps around window: Most common damage inside homes / offices occur due to water seepage from the gaps between window frame & external wall. Gap will be a source for rainwater to flow inside the home. These gaps can become entry points for rainwater, leading to moisture intrusion, paint deterioration, and wall damage. Properly fill and seal these gaps to prevent water seepage.

3. Check blockage in drain pipe outlet at Roof and Balcony: Check and clear any blockages in the drain pipe outlets on your roof and balcony. This will prevent water from accumulating and causing stagnant water conditions.

4. Check Electrical fittings to ensure Safety: Negligence in maintaining electrical wiring can be fatal, or at least it will force you to live without power in the monsoon due to breakdowns.

Damaged electrical sockets and wiring should be addressed before the onset of the rains. For more details, refer to our electrical safety tips for monsoon.

It is better to get things inspected properly by the home inspection professionals. They can rule out the shortcomings and take up repairs accordingly as part of your monsoon precautions.

Apart from this, check the outside electrical switches if they are exposed to rains to avoid electrical accidents. Cover them using splash guard to stop penetration of rainwater to avoid electric shock.

5. Fix Dampness / Seepage problem in areas with electrical fitting: Always try to avoid the dampness or seepage problem in your home/ office especially the areas with electrical outlets like electrical system and switches. These can lead to electrical hazards at your home/ office.

6. Address termite infestations: Termite infestation is a major problem where high humidity / moisture exist. As the rainwater creates moisture, if not treated at the right time, it can lead to increase in termite infestation. So it is important to check them and get rid of it as soon as possible.

7. Check for leaks in roofs: Check your roof or terrace floors for any leakage and get it fixed as soon as possible before it damages the associated/ attached area. This can happen due to various reasons that will depend on the type of flooring condition.

8. Check the waterproofing condition at Roof: It is important to check condition of waterproofing on the roof/ terrace before rainy season to avoid significant damage to property due to moisture. Spring is the best season to perform outside home/ office improvements especially waterproofing at roof.

9. Check your Air Conditioner for any leakage: Air conditioner should be checked for any possible leakage to avoid increase in moisture content. Further, AC drain line cleaning & setting AC as per weather will also help.

10. Assess the surroundings: Look for any tree branches or vegetation leaning against your roof or walls. Trim or cut them to avoid potential damage during heavy downpours.

11. Watch for signs of moisture or dampness: Keep an eye out for visual signs of moisture or dampness, especially on ceilings and walls. Stagnant water on the roof can lead to moisture intrusion, so early detection is crucial.

12. Check the water pockets in roof and balcony: If there is any slope problem, then there are chances of water pocket occurrence in roof and balcony especially around drain outlets.

13. Exterior wall Condition: It is important to check the condition of external wall. There are chances of presence of algae, fungus or paint deterioration, which can further lead to spreading of moisture in internal areas of house.

14. Check the areas of wall junction with door: If sealant or any other filling material is deteriorated at sliding door frame of balcony / terrace and wall, there are chances of moisture spreading intruding from these areas. So it is important to check the areas of wall junction with doors as well.

By following this checklist, you can proactively address potential issues and protect your property from the challenges brought by the monsoon season.

Apart from this, you can also read our blog on Home care solutions during Monsoon

Conclusion

While the monsoons give us endless reasons to like them, they also tend to damage both the exteriors and interiors of our property. It is important to inspect your home or any other property before & after the monsoon so, that the problems can be rectified as soon as possible before they get increased in their magnitude.

External Reference Links:
1. https://myfreshair.in/indoor-air-pollution-one-of-the-top-10-disease-risk-factors-in-india/

2. https://www.iifl.com/blogs/home-care-solutions-during-monsoon

Internal Reference Links:
1. https://macj-abuyerschoice.com/electrical-inspections-of-a-home-property/

2. https://macj-abuyerschoice.com/8-moisture-warning-signals-in-your-home/

Introduction:

When it comes to maintaining a healthy and safe living environment, addressing dampness in your home is of utmost importance. Dampness can lead to a range of issues, including mold growth, property damage including structural, and human health risks.

Dampness in a property is a common issue that can have detrimental effects on both the structural integrity of the building and the health of its occupants. Whether it is due to seepage, leaks, condensation, poor ventilation or due to other causes, dampness can lead to a host of problems such as mold growth, decay, and damage to the building materials.

Conducting a damp / moisture inspection in your home is a proactive step towards identifying and resolving damp-related problems. That is why damp inspection is crucial to identify and address damp issues promptly. In this article, we will explore the significance of damp or moisture inspections in your home and the benefits it offers.

Common problems related to Moisture in the Home

Wet areas in your home are more vulnerable to water damage; so experienced and knowledgeable inspectors pay special attention to checking bathrooms kitchens and balconies. Some of the common problems include:

• In bathrooms, damage to wall tiles and flooring may be caused by inadequate or poor waterproofing.
• Leaking taps, pipes, toilets and other plumbing issues may result in significant water damage to cabinets, wall and floors. It can also percolate to peripheral areas.
• In kitchens and other wet areas, the inspector will pay specific attention to areas underneath shelves, inside cupboards, as also the skirting along walls for signs of overflows, sinks as well as leaks arising from improper plumbing installation.
• Absence of proper drainage or improper slope leading to water accumulation can on the roof or balcony or wet areas can lead to seepage/dampness.

How to identify the source of dampness?

• Damp walls feel cold to the touch; it also causes the flaking of paint and peeling off wallpaper. Additionally, mold and fungal growth form greenish-grey spots on the walls. Such wall dampness is caused by constant water leakage / seepage, maybe from the roof, leaking water tanks, or seepage from exterior walls, balcony or terrace or windows.
• Water may seep from constant leakage from a plumbing installation or water collected on the roof or upper floor through the ceiling to cause discoloration in paint or create visible brown patches in the ceiling.
• Areas like bathrooms, kitchens, store rooms, or closed spaces are usually not well-ventilated and are a source of A strong musty smell within these areas is a clear indication of dampness.
• Checking the tile grout in moisture-laden areas like bathrooms and kitchens for any kind of mold growth. The mold shows the grouting’s waterproofing is not adequate and might let water seep into the floor or walls.
• Black mold may develop around the frames of wooden and uPVC windows due to water seepage through gaps between the window frame and the wall

Damp or Moisture Inspections play a crucial role in identifying the source and addressing moisture issues in your home. It detects the actual source of moisture with the help of advanced thermal imaging technology. Let us know further in detail about its advantages.

Benefits of Damp inspection for Ensuring a Healthy and Safe Living Environment

• Early Detection and Prevention

One of the primary reasons to have routine / annual damp inspections is the early detection and prevention of moisture-related issues. Dampness can occur due to various factors, including leaks, condensation, or poor ventilation. By conducting thorough inspections, professionals can identify signs of dampness in its early stages before it evolves into a more significant problem. This allows us for speedy action to be taken, preventing further damage to the property and reducing the risk of costly repairs down the line.

• Maintaining Structural Integrity

Moisture can cause destruction to the structural integrity of a building. It can also cause electrical & mechanical damages and become grave safety issues. When dampness infiltrates the walls, floors, or ceiling, it can weaken the materials and reduce the stability of the structure. With time, this can lead to damage which not only endangers the safety of the property but also decreases its value. Moisture / Damp inspection can identify areas vulnerable to moisture damage, allowing for timely repairs and maintenance to preserve the structural integrity of the property.

• Prevention of Health Hazards

Dampness in a property has significant adverse impact on the health of its occupants. Excessive moisture provides an ideal environment for the growth of mold and other harmful microorganisms. These can release spores and allergens into the air, leading to respiratory issues like asthma, allergies, skin issues and other health problems. By conducting damp inspection, potential sources of moisture can be identified, and appropriate measures can be taken, ensuring a healthy living environment for residents.

• Protecting Property Value

As a property owner, it is essential to prioritize the maintenance and well-being of your investment. Investing in damp inspection can help you maintain the value of your property. By proactively addressing any damp issues beforehand, you can present a well-maintained and desirable property, increasing its market value and attracting potential buyers or tenants.

• Avoiding Unpleasant Smell

As mentioned above, untreated mold due to dampness, can create an unlikable and musty smell around your home. You may experience an unpleasant smell but not know where it is coming from; this may be because the damp patch or mold spores are hidden behind the wall or furniture or anywhere. The smell of dampness and mold can become strong and overwhelming in your home; you do not want it to stop you from having guests around or interfere with your everyday life. Luckily, with the correct damp treatment carried out by a professional, you should be able to get rid of the smell fairly easily. Just remember that when it comes to dampness, out of sight should not mean out of mind.

• Improving Indoor Air Quality

Dampness and mold growth can significantly degrade indoor air quality. Mold spores, along with other airborne allergens, can lead to respiratory problems and worsen existing conditions such as asthma or allergies. A damp inspection helps identify areas of concern and enables you to take the necessary steps to improve indoor air quality. This may include implementing better ventilation, installing natural dehumidifiers like indoor plants, or repairing leaks and moisture sources.

• Prevent Termite Infestation

Termites are destructive pests that can cause significant damage to your property. They feed on wood and cellulose materials, making homes with wooden structures particularly vulnerable. While there are various methods to prevent termite infestations, one important aspect is conducting regular damp inspections. Dampness provides an ideal environment for termites to thrive, as they require moisture to survive. With damp inspection, you can find the termite infestation & their source to give you a long term solution.

• Improving the appearance of your Home

Painting over damp patches can cause the paint to crack and deteriorate and often, the black patches can show through paint. Instead of wasting your time and money on products in an attempt to cover up damp patches, it is best to first get your home inspected thoroughly.

Conclusion

Damp / Moisture Inspections are a vital aspect of property maintenance that should not be overlooked. By detecting dampness & its sources in its early stages, helps preserving the structural integrity, preventing health hazards, improving energy efficiency, and protecting property value. It helps you identify damp / seepage / leakage sources, giving you long term – least cost – least destructive solutions. It will save property owners from significant expenses and ensure a safe and comfortable living environment. If you haven’t had a damp inspection recently, it is time to consider scheduling one to safeguard your investment and the well-being of those who reside in your property.

 External Reference Link:
1.https://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/opinions_layman/en/indoor-air-pollution/l-2/8-building-dampness.htm

2.https://myfreshair.in/indoor-air-pollution-one-of-the-top-10-disease-risk-factors-in-india/

Internal  Reference Link :

3.https://macj-abuyerschoice.com/how-home-inspection-solves-the-problems-of-waterproofing-companies/

4. https://macj-abuyerschoice.com/damp-seepage-assessment-with-solutions-through-thermal-imaging-technology/

Ever wondered how damp in your house is playing with your health? Yes, the dampness on the wall here and there not only spoil the look of your home but impact the health of your family too. India being a tropical country, the building structures here are exposed to a high amount of moisture and humidity. Thus, they become more susceptible to damp development. When you are living in such a home, one thing leads to another and before you even know, your health is at risk too. Research suggests that on an average, we spend around 16 hours in our home. So, it is easy to apprehend how much at risk we are of developing health disorders due to damp.

Common human health hazards associated with a damp, moisture-laden house include:

• Allergic Rhinitis: Characterized by frequent sneezing, stuffy nose, runny nose, itchy eyes, and post-nasal drip, allergic rhinitis is an inflammatory condition of the mucus membrane inside the nose. It is caused by viruses, bacteria, and allergens. Some of the external triggers of allergic rhinitis include humidity 3 chemicals, and air pollution (indoor or outdoor) etc.
• Skin diseases: Most of the skin infections are caused by fungus. Fungal spores are the causal agent of these diseases. To understand more, click here 4 .
• Migraine:One of the most common triggers of migraine is the weather. Whenever there is high (or low) humidity, there is a change in the oxygen levels in the air. The air becomes saturated with moisture in high humidity conditions reducing oxygen levels significantly. As a result, it
  becomes difficult for the brain of the people with migraine to receive the right amount of oxygen to function properly. Result? – Unusual expansion or contraction of the blood vessels to compensate for the lack of oxygen, exerting tremendous pressure on the nerve fibres. Therefore, indoor humidity too may trigger a migraine 5 headache.
• Depression:Dampness and growth of fungus in poorly ventilated homes have been long associated with depression 6. One should be careful about it before it takes the turn of clinical depression.
• Upper respiratory (nasal and throat) symptoms
• Asthma symptoms in sensitized persons with asthma

What are the reasons and how does damp wreaks havoc on our health?

1. Flourishing Pathogens

When you have damp in your home, it means excess moisture has been accumulated. Guess what, it is best for enabling pathogens and all kinds of germs to flourish and reproduce in higher numbers. Besides viruses and bacteria, other microorganisms like fungi and algae also proliferate in a moist environment. These microorganisms, being pathogenic, bring forth health disorders of various types. They release harmful chemicals in the air that pollute the indoor atmosphere or act as allergens causing mild to severe irritations in different parts of the body. If dampness persists these irritations tend to become chronic in nature.

2.Humid conditions make transmission faster

If multiplying by leaps and bounds was not enough, the transmission of viruses and bacteria and other microbes is facilitated in humid conditions. When you present them a humid indoor environment, they tend to spread exponentially.

Look at what’s happening in the current pandemic situation! Earlier it was said that COVID-19 can flourish only in cold climates. But more recent evidence shows that it can be transmitted in all areas including hot and humid places 1. Actually, virus thrives inside the human body the normal temperature of which is 36.5-degree to 37-degree Celsius. This is regardless of the external temperature and weather conditions. So, apart from maintaining basic hygiene, it is advisable to keep your house as damp-free as possible to restrict the transmission of viruses.

3. Flourishing dust mites

Dust mites are popular in households where the temperature is considerably high and the moisture level is also in excess. They are the catalyst to give rise to allergy, stuffy nose, respiratory problems and asthma. So, if you have experienced stuffy nose, itchy eyes, and breathing problem then you might want to look into the condition of your house. These symptoms can further give birth to health problems that
will cost you in the long run. It is better to invest some money in your house now or at least take suitable care.

4. Welcoming pests

Well, mosquitoes and flies infested every part of the house, spiders spinning cobwebs in every corner, the occasional screeching of mice or musk-rats- is this how you picture your home? Damp build-up welcomes all these pests and other unwanted ones too. They have a directly proportionate relationship with damp which means the greater the damp in the house, the more is the number of pests. Now
would you want to live in a house with humans or disgusting pets? If the former option is your choice then get rid of this unhealthy living condition immediately. It affects your immune system, breathing pattern and slowly destroys your health.

5. Cold climate

Several types of research have shown that a cold indoor climate is the result of dampness in those regions where it is not naturally cold outside. Unmaintained house, damaged roofs and walls are the common causes but it could also be because of the lack of proper ventilation. Humans can stay overall healthy if the environment in which he or she is living is dry with optimum moisture content in the air. If
the house becomes a place where it is difficult to breathe then it is obvious that the environment isn’t right.

Cold indoor atmosphere adversely affects respiratory health. A significant number of people in the world suffer from asthma 2 which is often linked with damp indoors. Chronic coughing, wheezing, breathing difficulty are the health problems which lead a person towards asthma. And asthma could be life-threatening. It just gets worse if not treated in the right way with the right amount of attention.

To make your life a little easy, here are some common signs of damp to watch out:

Damp patches : A patch is a sign of damp commonly seen on the ceiling, walls, behind the WC in the bathroom etc. Damp patches on walls are generally the result of penetration 7, where water from outside gets into the brickwork through gaps and cracks

Musty damp smell : The first and the foremost thing about damps are they are musty and smell bad. The freshness of a room gets evaporated with damp walls. So, always keep an eye on this.

Peeling and flaky paint : The most common thing in a house that has been ignored. Once you start noticing this, get a professional inspection done and get it fixed.

Cold in-house atmosphere : Do you wonder why your house feels cold be it summer or winter? Well, it’s the damp dude!

Discoloured walls : Discoloration is characterized by localized darkening of the original color of walls

You can read this article for a better understanding of the same.

You should take proactive steps to reduce indoor air pollution because if you want to live a healthy life, your home is where you should start. Our environment plays a major role in our mental and physical well-being. So when it’s damp and dirty, it is not only creating a negative space you are living in but also and most importantly it is affecting your health in a way you might not anticipate. In such cases, it is sooner the better. Go for a professional damp inspection which will help in detecting the source of dampness with help of thermal imaging technology and take decisive action to eliminate damp from your house at the earliest.

You should take proactive steps to reduce indoor air pollution because if you want to live a healthy life, your home is where you should start. Our environment plays a major role in our mental and physical well-being. So when it’s damp and dirty, it is not only creating a negative space you are living in but also and most importantly it is affecting your health in a way you might not anticipate. In such cases, it is sooner the better. Go for a professional damp inspection which will help in detecting the source of dampness with help of thermal imaging technology and take decisive action to eliminate damp from your house at the earliest.

Reference links used:
1. https://macj-abuyerschoice.com/damp-seepage-assessment-with-solutions-through-thermal-imaging-technology/

2. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public/myth-busters?gclid=Cj0KCQjw6ar4BRDnARIsAITGzlCcwstyMyXdpFKNRukh8W-
_cAg5RyBTNxmZIfqr2hyBBCbIjRM448YaArGVEALw_wcB#climate

3. https://theconversation.com/health-check-how-does-household-mould-affect-your-health-
48341#:~:text=Inhaling%20mould%20fragments%20or%20spores,health%20problems%20such%20a
s%20asthma.

4. https://www.healthline.com/health/allergic-rhinitis#risk-factors

5. https://www.penn-jersey.com/article-household-mold-skin-
conditions#:~:text=Sporotrichosis%20is%20a%20skin%20infection,and%20crawl%20spaces%20of%2
0houses.

6. https://blog.themigrainereliefcenter.com/humidity-and-migraines-what-you-should-know

7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1994167/

8. https://www.rd.com/article/damp-walls-whats-the-problem/

Flaky paint, leaky ceiling, wet and patchy walls – Aren’t these a common sight in most houses we see around us? Let’s face it, our own houses, too, must have had one or a few of these imperfections at some point in time. We noticed; we disliked; we thought of doing something about it; and perhaps, we moved on! – Often, taking inadequate or no measures at all. But do you know – dampness is one of the most harmful things that can cause a building to deteriorate prematurely? Worse – it affects the health of the residents severely.

To prevent a house from becoming damp, we must know the reasons behind it. Faulty sills, bad masonry work, subsoil water in the foundation are just some of the most common causes of dampness in a building. What are the other sources of dampness? What are the effects of it? Read on to know it all.

Sources of Dampness in Buildings

There are a number of sources of dampness in buildings. Some of the common causes are as follows:

1. Improper Plumbing Installation

Improper plumbing installation in buildings can lead to leakage/dampness problems with gradual use. This can be due to the following few things:

• If FTA (female threaded adapter) of a plumbing fitting is installed inside the tiles then an extension piece is required. This creates an extra joint in the pipeline which may lead to leakage.
• UPVC pipe used in a hot water line is an example of the incorrect material selected as per its properties. In such cases, the material, unable to withstand high temperatures, will begin to degrade and break down leading to leakage.
• The wrong solvent-material used for joining pipes can be another cause of plumbing failure. For example, if pipes are made of UPVC, the solvent or glue to be used should also be UPVC-compatible. The same is applicable to CPVC pipes. Any incompatibility here can lead to leakage and dampness due to a less firm joint.
• If grouting is not provided at the junction around bathroom floor drain outlet pipe, there will be spreading of moisture. This will ultimately lead to unhealthy & unhygienic conditions for residents and can lead to deterioration at below storey ceiling surfaces in due course of time.
• Loose plumbing fitting or inadequate tightening of plumbing fitting with FTA or other faulty workmanship at the time of installation etc. are also one of the common reasons which lead to leakage/ dampness problem.

2. Faulty waterproofing

If the waterproofing membranes are not overlapped properly, rainwater can seep through the gaps. Besides, wrong sloping, defective junctions between the slab of the roof, terrace and parapet of the wall, and clogged outlets may also lead to water stagnation resulting in dampness.

3. The intrusion of rainwater through walls

Most common damage inside homes occurs due to water seepage from the gaps between window frame & external wall. Gap will be a source for moisture to flow inside the home. If gaps are not filled properly, it will lead to moisture intrusion, paint deterioration & damage to inside walls.

Moisture intrusion can also happen if no fillet or drip mould is provided at the chhajja. Also, If the paint used on the exterior wall is not of water-repelling variety then moisture can settle beneath the coat and spread internally over time. In both cases, exterior walls begin to deteriorate fast due to moisture.

4. Poor construction materials

Sometimes defective construction materials are used during the construction of the building which can lead to construction quality issues. For example: If poor quality materials are used like sand with excess salt then efflorescence will happen sooner or later. Poor quality bricks will swell upon absorbing rainwater leading to dampness.

5. Indoor Plants

Most plants release moisture into the surrounding air through small pores called stomata on the leaves – a process called transpiration. This increases the moisture content¹ of the indoor air. But not all plants are humidifying. Moreover, you must know how much to water your potted green friends so that they do not release excess moisture into the air. A little knowledge of indoor gardening can help you avoid dampness in your home while still making it eco-friendly and sustainable.

6. Vegetation

Vegetation growth around the wall is very harmful as vegetation in and around the walls leads to cracks in them and over time these cracks widen. Water deposits in these cracks causing further dampness.

7. Improper Ventilation

Dampness is inevitable if your house is improperly ventilated. Numerous processes like exhalation by the inmates of the house, cooking, and use of geyser in the bathroom add moisture to the indoor air. If the area is closed, this excess moisture gets trapped. There should be proper air circulation in the house so that an optimum moisture level is maintained and indoor air quality never deteriorates.

Adverse effects of Dampness in a House / Property

Dampness has serious consequences on the health of a building. It needs to be dealt with urgency. Otherwise, a culmination of all these damages may eventually lower its life expectancy.

• Pest and insect growth: Damp households cause unhygienic conditions of living. Damp places attract microbes and insects. Damp places are breeding places of gregarious pests like mosquitoes, flies, and termites. Respiratory problems, wheezing skin rashes, allergies are often found in inhabitants living in damp areas.
• Electric appliance damage: Moisture present in a house, if it comes in contact with the electric appliances, will damage them. This can also lead to serious problems like electrocution of the appliance and the person handling it might suffer an electric shock. So it is very important that areas around the switchboard and wiring have no moisture deposition.
• Damage to doors and walls: Damp environment can have serious damage to wooden doors and windows. This leads to termite infestation in them along with swelling up of the wood. Doors and windows may even completely get damaged becoming function-less. In severe cases, installations might get damaged.
• Damage to wooden furniture: A humid indoor atmosphere can affect the wooden furniture and other materials made of wood in the house. Wood absorbs moisture and swells up and this is certainly not good for the longevity of the furniture.
• Corrosion of metal: Metal appliances, furniture or other items may get corroded due to the presence of moisture. Metals attract moisture and rust or lose the sheen with time. Metal installations may even become brittle and break off. This is dangerous especially in the case of railings and grills.
• The efflorescence of plaster, bricks and paint: As already discussed, dampness renders bricks and plaster to crumble. Porosity increases and the strength of the materials decrease which is harmful to the building. The coating of paint also turns flaky and tends to fall off. This gives a nasty feel & look to the house. Peeling of the paint exposes the walls and ceiling to further damage.
• Unpleasant-looking household: Damp patches on the walls with algal spores growing on them give a bad and unwelcoming look to the house. A stale, suffocating smell fills the air. This smell can cause allergy and skin diseases in many individuals.

Effects of Dampness – On Health

A damp house is a constant source of illness. It causes:

• Respiratory ailments: Allergic rhinitis, chronic to acute breathing problems or asthma
• Skin ailments: Rashes and redness
• Recurring cold and flu
• Depression

Therefore practically, dampness affects your two most important assets- your home and your health. Can anything be scarier than this?

Watch the video for better understanding:

Last but not the least, dampness lowers your living standards. Who would like to reside in a perennially cold, stale-smelling house? To avoid this unpleasant situation, the source and the cause of damp should be identified first, and then repaired for a permanent cure.

Nowadays, waterproofing and damp-proofing materials are available widely in the market to shield your abode from dampness and its harmful effects. With the advancement in technology, effective moisture and damp assessment can be done with thermal imaging technology, as well. You must opt for professionals for effective detection of dampness for ensuring a healthy home.

Don’t make living with dampness a habit. Take definitive steps to get rid of this hidden devil corroding away your hygiene and safety silently but steadily.

Reference links used:
1. https://www.healthline.com/health/humidifying-plants

Water leakage is a serious issue inside a house which should be dealt with in urgency. There are quite a number of factors and reasons contributing to water leakage – it may be leaking plumbing lines or corrosion in plumbing lines, cracks in the walls, damaged waterproofing in the roof, or a leaking AC. Water leakage inside the house leads to serious issues like stale-smelling indoors, growth of microbes, pests inside the house, damaged property and a lot more. So, while you need a thorough health check-up of the house, here’s a heads up about the possible causes and their effects.

Water Leakage: Signs and Signals

Leakage can waste water, damage your home, and encourage unwanted organic growth. As you cannot see most of the pipework in your home, you may not always know that a leak has formed.

One of the best ways to protect your home from future leaks is to understand and look for common situations that cause leaks. Watch out for these common signals of water leakage:

• Dark patches on the walls and ceiling
• A stale and musty odour
• Peeling off of paint and plaster crumble
• Visual leaks
• The occurrence of pests, especially termites
• Watermarks and discolouration

A dampened environment in your house can lead to serious problems which are also signals of water leakage / seepage in your house. Skin rashes and allergy, asthma, nasal and throat congestion, coughing and wheezing can be caused by dampness due to water leakage or the bacteria which grows inside the household as a result of dampening.

Common Causes of Water Leakage inside the House

• Leakage from underneath the water sink can be a serious problem. This can happen due to loose or improper connection at the bottle trap or waste coupler tread joint.
• Dripping faucets can be a serious and common problem of water leakage. Over tightening of a tap can cause it to leak. When a tap is hardened too much, it starts to develop a leak due to the wearing and tearing of the tap washer. A loose operating head or lever can lead to a similar problem. Sometimes debris get stuck inside the tap which may cause it to leak. Another common case is when people do not turn them off well enough.
• Leaking pipes are a major contributor to water leakage in households. They are often embedded inside walls and are difficult to detect. You only get to know when the wall surfaces start to deteriorate. It is a clear sign of dampness which is difficult to get rid of.
• If there are any leakage or moisture-related issues in the wall for some reason, vegetation will grow on the walls. This vegetation develops further cracks in the wall causing further deterioration.
• In case of negligence, if cavities and holes are left in the wall, they behave as a source of attracting and storing moisture. They cause water seepage and an unhealthy condition in the household.
• If your plumbing system is extremely old, rust and other forms of corrosion may wear it away. There will be discolouration on your pipes. This will cause water leakage inside the household. Rust can have other damaging effects too. Accumulation of rust may block the flow of water in the pipes resulting in the raising of water pressure and leakage. Severe rusting may also weaken the pipes and erode through the pipes causing leaks. To understand where leakage can happen, you need to understand the plumbing system of your home.
• Damaged pipe joints are another common reason for water leakage in a building. Do you know why? – Because, the place where pipes connect often represents the weakest point in a line. It is always under significant pressure. Similarly, we have to avoid usage of extension piece for FTA(Female thread adapter – which is used to connect plumbing line to tap) during improper installation of plumbing fitting. Over time, these pipe joints deteriorate causing leakage.
• Extreme temperature changes inside the pipelines can cause it to expand and contract alternately, which may cause cracks to develop inside the pipeline. This will cause leakage inside the pipelines. However, this is common mostly in hilly areas like Shimla, Dalhousie, Gangtok, etc.
• Refrigerators¹ or water purifiers² can also cause water leakage inside your household. If these go unnoticed for a long period of time, they can cause serious damage to your floor. It is also extremely unsafe to use the appliances while they are leaking as they may result in an electric shock.
• Leaky roofs, mainly caused due to deteriorated waterproofing, can contribute to water seepage inside the house. The improper slope can cause rainwater to accumulate on the rooftop / terrace which may then seep into the house.You must also make sure that there are no open electrical conduits on the rooftop or else, leaking water may enter the wiring system and cause serious problems downward (in case of the connection running downward).
• All types of pipes and faucets are manufactured to withstand up to a certain level of water pressure. Any extra pressure or uneven surge can put a strain on them causing them to give away after a certain point in time. The result is leakage.

Effects of Water Leakage in House

• Unhygienic conditions: Water and moisture inside a house are accompanied by bacterial and fungal growth. This might lead to diseases like asthma, allergic rhinitis, skin rashes, depression and so on.
• Disintegration: Porous walls hold moisture for a longer time which may lead to deterioration of the walls & further damage. The bricks may develop cracks and fissures due to alternate cooling and expansion of water present in them.
• Decaying windows and doors: Moisture may lead to the decay of windows and doors. They swell and tend to touch the floor causing obstruction during opening & closing and other related damages. The decay of wood frames, ironwork, bricks, etc may also be caused by moisture.
• Plaster crumbles: On absorbing moisture, plaster turns soft and crumbles giving an ugly appearance to the walls.
• Damaged wooden furniture: Wooden furniture gets damaged on continuous exposure to a damp environment.
• Wall decorations are damaged: Wall decorations such as cladding, wallpapering, timber handicrafts are damaged as they absorb moisture from the damp walls. This ruins the aesthetics & weakens the structural integrity of your house completely which cannot be redone without solving the leakage problems from the core.
• Termite infestation: Dampness attracts gregarious pests in a home – be it cockroaches, ants or termites. In fact, termites prefer living in areas with high moisture content. They infest damp walls making them porous and damage wooden furniture and structures.
• Damage of electrical equipment: Electrical equipment may get damaged and short circuits may happen. It is extremely dangerous to use electrical installations in such situations. So, you must try to avoid dampness caused due to leakage / seepage, in the first place, especially where there are electrical outlets like appliances and switches and also see to it that water does not come in contact with the electrical wiring of the house.

Trust us, water leakage (and seepage) which is the main culprit behind dampness can be a real threat to your home. Fix it before it costs you your peace of mind.

Moisture assessment using thermal imaging technology

Thanks to the advancement of technology, infrared cameras or thermal imagers are making moisture assessment in buildings easier than ever. These cameras can swiftly and, most importantly, non-invasively focus on the probable areas of anomalies caused by excessive evaporative moisture cooling. The images formed on the lens of these devices actually show patterns of moisture-spread that only trained eyes can decipher. Hence, only professionals associated with building investigation should be relied upon for such a technology-centric yet accurate investigation procedure. Here’s more on thermal imaging³ and why it is becoming essential for moisture detection.

Watch this to get a clearer idea of how leakage/seepage is detected in a home:

Your home is the place where you spend the maximum of your time. After a hectic day at work, we get back to our home and relax. We would definitely not like to stay in a stale smelling, unhygienic and dampened house where water is leaking. Our home is our abode which should brighten up our mood. A dampened environment would make us gloomy. Water leakage / seepage inside the house should be tracked down and be treated at the earliest possible time as it is not only unhygienic but also unsafe. It is always advisable to take the help of professionals – the home inspectors for this or else you may overlook some issues or end up doing a wrong assessment of the problem. By employing thermal imaging technology, any hidden leakage can be detected to the source before they become large problem and lead to serious damage which can make your home unhealthy.

Reference links used:
1. https://www.samsung.com/in/support/home-appliances/water-leakage-in-refrigerator/
2. https://www.eurekaforbes.com/blog/how-to-maintain-a-water-purifier-efficiently.html
3. https://www.fluke.com/en-in/learn/blog/thermal-imaging/why-thermal-imaging-is-essential-for-detecting-moisture-damage

Prevention is better than Cure

1. Dark Patches
2. Peeling off or other paint deterioration
3. Damp and Musty Odour
4. Visible water stains or Discolouration
5. Gatherings of Pests
6. Visual leaks
7. Condition of wooden furniture
8. Health Symptoms

Homes are supposed to protect us from the harmful things from outside like water, wind, and extreme temperatures. But sometimes, however, our homes fail to serve its purpose and moisture enters into our house.

As a homeowner, moisture is one of the most common and annoying problems you can face. Moisture / Dampness in buildings is a major factor that contributes to mould growth, unhealthy buildings, and poor indoor air quality. Moisture is one of the most important agents of building deterioration.

Moisture Intrusion is an often-unseen problem lurking in many homes. A little excess water in the wrong place can cause many other problems, such as mould growth, pest infestations, weakened building structures and unhealthy living conditions.

In many cases, moisture problems in houses or buildings are easy to get missed until they have progressed to the point of despair.

“Prevention is better than cure”. Early detection of these problems is significant for minimizing the extent and cost of the damage. But, how can you identify a moisture problem at the earliest?

Let us go through warning signs of moisture that homeowners should be on the lookout for:

1. Dark Patches in Home Elements

One of the most common signs of water-related problems in any structure is the appearance of dark patches in walls, ceilings, and other surfaces. As water seeps into building materials, it tends to cause them to look visibly dark.

Homeowners can often find these dark patches in ceilings after a heavy storm which indicates source of moisture can be in roof or sometimes due to floor / unit above if there is a leaky pipe there.

2. Peeling off or other paint deterioration on the surface finish

High humidity levels can cause wallpaper or paint finish to peel from the wall. Too much moisture behind the walls can eventually cause paint and wallpaper to start peeling or bubbling. If you see wallpaper or paint peeling or even protruding out like a bubble, it could indicate a moisture problem. Sometimes airborne moisture vapour gets behind the wallpaper and mixes with the glue, causing it to peel. Peeling off paint is mainly caused by moisture on the surface, poor surface preparation, using an incorrect painting method. Other paint deterioration like cracking or blistering paint on exterior or interior finishes can also happen due to these reasons.

3. Damp and Musty Odour

One of the most common signs of a moisture problem is the presence of strong, musty odour. This sign is a strong indicator that there is water damage somewhere nearby – possibly in the building materials hidden from your direct view. If you have a persistent, musty, damp smell in your bathroom, even after repeated cleanings, you may have moisture-related problem in the walls and subfloor. If a proper ventilation system does not help, you probably have a moisture build-up below the surface of walls or the floor. This odour is often caused by bacteria and mould growth that feeds on the excess moisture in a dark, cool space.

4. Visible Water Stains or Discolouration

A water stain will form a dark yellowish colour on your ceiling in a slightly deformed shape. This yellowish colour will soon turn into brown colour, and in fact, it may even start off sometimes as brown colour right at the beginning. It can be the symptom of a much larger problem and this is something that you should look into immediately. Some common causes of Water Stains on Ceilings are leaking pipes, leakage from roof and water seeping from upper unit / floor areas.

Stains or Discolouration can be prevented by reducing the accumulation of moisture in the wall / ceiling. Yellow, brown or black stains etc on your walls are signs of water damage from behind them.

5. Gatherings of Pests

Water is a necessity for life – and pests like ants, cockroaches, rodents, termites are no exception. As the humidity rises in your home, pests such as these will migrate inside your home, where they will begin to reproduce. A sudden increase in the presence of pests could be an indirect indication that there is a suitable source of water in your home. Of course, other nutrient sources, such as open food containers, exposed trash bins, and the like can also attract pests.

6. Visual leaks

Water is the enemy of every home. Being a homeowner, if you find unwanted water in your home, you should make every effort to find the root cause as quickly as possible. You need to do periodical visual checks of moisture / leakage / seepage in the home and get them repaired. Some leaks can be easily found by visual checking whereas, some leaks are concealed inside wall / structure.

7. Check the condition of wooden furniture

Damaged wood is a classic sign of elevated moisture levels. Because wood is porous, it absorbs moisture from the affected area as well as from the air as humidity levels change. This will cause the wood to swell and shrink with the changes. Check the integrity of wood by lightly pressing it. If it is soft, you know it has weakened from moisture damage.

8. Health Symptoms

One of the most annoying problems of moisture is its effect on our health. Common human health hazards associated with moisture / dampness in home include: respiratory (nasal and throat) symptoms, Asthma symptoms in sensitized persons with asthma, Cough, Wheeze, Allergies, Skin Diseases etc. People often ignore these important visual signs of moisture, but it can be harmful for your health.

Understanding and Detecting the Moisture Problem

If you have spotted one of the signs above, then it is important to understand about moisture problem and know the actual source of it. For that, you need professional help who will use moisture meter¹ and advanced thermal imaging technology which can detect hidden / concealed leaks in the structure and give you long term – least destructive – low cost solutions.

If you feel your home has a moisture problem, you should take immediate action to solve it. Ignoring these signs will only make the problem progressively worse.

Apart from this, it is advisable to get a moisture / damp inspection before spending on costly waterproofing treatment or other related repair works.

Reference links used:
1. https://www.delmhorst.com/blog/moisture-meter-locate-leaks

An important step towards a happy life is good health. And good health can only be achieved in a clean, hygienic and healthy environment. Seepage is a very common problem which the majority of Indian Households must have had experienced at some point of time. The moisture and dampness due to seepage can result in fungal and bacterial growth which in turn could cause various allergies and other health-related problems to the occupants of the home.

The effects of water damage on your home as well as health can be far-reaching, and it may have massive damage. Therefore, ensuring that your home / office is free from any possible leakage and dampness has become one of the most important factors to understand and attend.

Some possible reasons for seepage

• It can happen due to faulty internal plumbing:
  • Leaky drainage pipes or plumbing fittings at home
  • Outflow in the water supply pipes
  • A leakage in the neighborhood property’s internal plumbing (eg – Leakage from Bathroom or Kitchen on the Floor Above.)
• If a gap exists between the walls of your home and the neighboring building, this would also cause water to seep through.
• Water dampness and seepage happens when the exterior walls are not plastered properly or due to the use of poor-quality plastering materials. And seepage can also happen through exterior walls from gaps around window frame.
• Seepage of water through floor tiles in bathrooms/kitchens of floor/flat / terrace above.
• Poor waterproofing at the time of construction.

Ways to avoid seepage problems in your home

1. Repair cracks on walls

Cracks are among the root causes of moisture in your home. Due to cracks at the external wall, rainwater and moisture will enter the wall surface thereby affecting adjacent / in-house wall surfaces and will weaken the integrity of associated elements. If cracks not treated at the right time, can increase in depth and lead to further deterioration in the affected area. So it is important to fix or repair the cracks to have long lasting homes¹.

2. Reduce indoor humidity

Sometimes we choose to dry laundry indoors. Drying it indoors is one of the causes which lead to humidity.

And the kitchen is also a place in home, where steam gets generated due to cooking. One of the easiest way for reduced humidity is to keep your windows regularly opened and home well ventilated. Budget-friendly ways of getting rid of humidity & moisture in your home is by getting installed an exhaust fan, especially in your kitchen, bathroom and other household activity area where water is frequently used. But if you are still facing the problem of humidity, then you also can opt for a dehumidifier. Read How to Control Humidity in Your Home Using a Dehumidifier?

3. Good-quality paints with specific property

If the paint on your wall is of inferior or poor quality, it tends to seep in moisture through concrete, which can damage the exterior and interior walls. This can result in weakening the strength of overall structure of your property and also make it appear unpleasant.

Apart from good quality, it is an important point to keep in mind: interior or exterior areas need a specific type of paint. Different paints have different properties and are formulated for different purposes. For example:  Exterior grade paints are used for exterior areas as they have resistance to cracking and dirt resistance, as well as provide protection from the damage ultraviolet (UV) rays cause.

4. Follow the finishing procedure properly

There are different layers to the final finishing of wall – like plaster, putty, primer and paint. If incorrect procedure followed at any layer like improper curing & poor surface preparation etc for the plastered surface finish at the external wall, then this can lead to cracks or surface damage. Thereby it can lead to a seepage problem, if left unnoticed. So, it is important to follow proper procedures in all layers of finishing.

5. Perform a visual check

Some visual checking that can be performed by a layman are as follows:

• Check out for water pocket (or can say water getting accumulated) around drain outlet or any pipe blockage in the bathroom / kitchen, etc.
• Check if any presence of algae or plant growth at exterior walls. The Existence of plants in an external wall or other parts of the building can cause cracks in walls which can lead to moisture intrusion.
• There are some gaps which need to be sealed –gap around window and door frame; sink installation; AC gas pipe sleeve, drain outlet, gap at tile joints etc. It is important to seal all these gaps to save from the damage to home/property in future.

These checks will give you a basic idea about the moisture intrusion in your home.  In case of any issues, seek the services of a professional expert who would perform a thorough scan of the house using advanced thermal imaging technology², and recommend an appropriate solution.

Common Mistake while dealing with seepage/ damp problems

Most of the painters or other vendors usually fix the problem of seepage/leakage/wall paint peel off or dampness on the wall simply by applying waterproofing solutions on the affected areas and repainting it again with the paint. This is indeed one of the most common mistakes done to solve the seepage problem of home/property as it will solve the issue temporarily and the problem will occur soon again after a few days. Reason is the root cause of seepage/moisture-related problem has not been fixed well. The very first step to solve the seepage/leakage problem is to find the source of the problem in the property. By employing thermal imaging technology, the source of seepage problem can be found out without damaging the property and can save you from The Invisible Silent Killer.

Our objective of writing this content was to share with you some effective ways to avoid seepage at your home or other property. If you are facing a seepage problem, check for all the possible causes in your house. If you want an expert advice, then damp inspection  using advanced thermal imaging technology can help you by detecting the exact source of this problem which will provide a long-term solution.

Reference links used:
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2tUhU9C0rYE
2. https://irinfo.org/02-01-2011-hopkins/

Ever wondered how damp in your house is playing with your health? Yes, the dampness on the wall here and there not only spoil the look of your home but impact the health of your family too. India being a tropical country, the building structures here are exposed to a high amount of moisture and humidity. Thus, they become more susceptible to damp development. When you are living in such a home, one thing leads to another and before you even know, your health is at risk too. Research suggests that on an average, we spend around 16 hours in our home. So, it is easy to apprehend how much at risk we are of developing health disorders due to damp. Common human health hazards associated with a damp house include:

• Upper respiratory (nasal and throat) symptoms
• Asthma symptoms in sensitized persons with asthma
• Cough
• Wheeze
• Allergies
• Skin Diseases
• Migraine Headaches & Depression

What are the reasons and how does damp wreaks havoc on our health? We have listed out a few points below for you:

1. Flourishing Pathogens

When you have damp in your home, it means excess moisture has been accumulated. Guess what it is best for enabling pathogens and all kinds of germs to flourish and reproduce in higher numbers. Besides viruses and bacteria, other microorganisms like fungi and algae also proliferate in a moist environment. These microorganisms, being pathogenic, bring forth health disorders of various types. They release harmful chemicals in the air that pollute the indoor atmosphere or act as allergens causing mild to severe irritations in different parts of the body. If dampness persists these irritations tend to become chronic in nature.

2. Humid conditions make transmission faster

If multiplying by leaps and bounds was not enough, the transmission of viruses and bacteria and other microbes is facilitated in humid conditions. When you present them a humid indoor environment, they tend to spread exponentially.

Look at what’s happening in the current pandemic situation! Earlier it was said that COVID-19 can flourish only in cold climates. But more recent evidence shows that it can be transmitted in all areas including hot and humid places¹. Actually, virus thrives inside the human body the normal temperature of which is 36.5-degree to 37-degree Celsius. This is regardless of the external temperature and weather conditions. So, apart from maintaining basic hygiene, it is advisable to keep your house as damp-free as possible to restrict the transmission of viruses.

3. Flourishing dust mites

Dust mites are popular in households where the temperature is considerably high and the moisture level is also in excess. They are the catalyst to give rise to allergy, stuffy nose, respiratory problems and asthma. So, if you have experienced stuffy nose, itchy eyes, and breathing problem then you might want to look into the condition of your house. These symptoms can further give birth to health problems that will cost you in the long run. It is better to invest some money in your house now or at least take suitable care.

4. Welcoming pests

Well, mosquitoes and flies infested every part of the house, spiders spinning cobwebs in every corner, the occasional screeching of mice or musk-rats- is this how you picture your home? Damp build-up welcomes all these pests and other unwanted ones too. They have a directly proportionate relationship with damp which means the greater the damp in the house, the more is the number of pests. Now would you want to live in a house with humans or disgusting pets? If the former option is your choice then get rid of this unhealthy living condition immediately. It affects your immune system, breathing pattern and slowly destroys your health.

5. Cold climate

Several types of research have shown that a cold indoor climate is the result of dampness in those regions where it is not naturally cold outside. Unmaintained house, damaged roofs and walls are the common causes but it could also be because of the lack of proper ventilation. Humans can stay overall healthy if the environment in which he or she is living is dry with optimum moisture content in the air. If the house becomes a place where it is difficult to breathe then it is obvious that the environment isn’t right.

Cold indoor atmosphere adversely affects respiratory health. A significant number of people in the world suffer from asthma² which is often linked with damp indoors. Chronic coughing, wheezing, breathing difficulty are the health problems which lead a person towards asthma. And asthma could be life-threatening. It just gets worse if not treated in the right way with the right amount of attention.

Other diseases that are common in the inmates of damp houses are:

Allergic Rhinitis: Characterized by frequent sneezing, stuffy nose, runny nose, itchy eyes, and post-nasal drip, allergic rhinitis is an inflammatory condition of the mucus membrane inside the nose. It is caused by viruses, bacteria, and allergens. Some of the external triggers of allergic rhinitis include humidity³ chemicals, and air pollution (indoor or outdoor) etc.

Skin diseases: Most of the skin infections are caused by fungus. Fungal spores are the causal agent of these diseases. To understand more, click here⁴.

Migraine: One of the most common triggers of migraine is the weather. Whenever there is high (or low) humidity, there is a change in the oxygen levels in the air. The air becomes saturated with moisture in high humidity conditions reducing oxygen levels significantly. As a result, it becomes difficult for the brain of the people with migraine to receive the right amount of oxygen to function properly. Result? – Unusual expansion or contraction of the blood vessels to compensate for the lack of oxygen, exerting tremendous pressure on the nerve fibres. Therefore, indoor humidity too may trigger a migraine⁵ headache.

Depression: Dampness and growth of fungus in poorly ventilated homes have been long associated with depression⁶. One should be careful about it before it takes the turn of clinical depression.

To make your life a little easy, here are some common signs of damp to watch out:

• Damp patches – A patch is a sign of damp commonly seen on the ceiling, walls, behind the WC in the bathroom etc. Damp patches on walls are generally the result of penetration⁷, where water from outside gets into the brickwork through gaps and cracks.
• Musty damp smell – The first and the foremost thing about damps are they are musty and smell bad. The freshness of a room gets evaporated with damp walls. So, always keep an eye on this.
• Peeling and flaky paint – The most common thingin a house that has been ignored. Once you start noticing this, get a professional inspection done and get it fixed.
• Cold in-house atmosphere – Do you wonder why your house feels cold be it summer or winter? Well, it’s the damp dude!
• Discoloured walls – Discoloration is characterized by localized darkening of the original color of walls.

You can read this article for a better understanding of the same.

You should take proactive steps to reduce indoor air pollution because if you want to live a healthy life, your home is where you should start. Our environment plays a major role in our mental and physical well-being. So when it’s damp and dirty, it is not only creating a negative space you are living in but also and most importantly it is affecting your health in a way you might not anticipate. In such cases, it is sooner the better. Go for a professional damp inspection which will help in detecting the source of dampness with help of thermal imaging technology and take decisive action to eliminate damp from your house at the earliest.

Reference links used:
1. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public/myth-busters?gclid=Cj0KCQjw6ar4BRDnARIsAITGzlCcwstyMyXdpFKNRukh8W-_cAg5RyBTNxmZIfqr2hyBBCbIjRM448YaArGVEALw_wcB#climate
2. https://theconversation.com/health-check-how-does-household-mould-affect-your-health-48341#:~:text=Inhaling%20mould%20fragments%20or%20spores,health%20problems%20such%20as%20asthma.
3. https://www.healthline.com/health/allergic-rhinitis#risk-factors
4. https://www.penn-jersey.com/article-household-mold-skin-conditions
5. https://blog.themigrainereliefcenter.com/humidity-and-migraines-what-you-should-know
6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1994167/
7. https://www.rd.com/article/damp-walls-whats-the-problem/